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Psychotest for a fresh graduate sometimes very scary, why ? Probably this mitos pop up from mouth to mouth between the employee, friends and etc.
Psychotest is a part of selection sequence of a vacancy at some Company, and it's very important for a company. Believe it or not, psychotest instrument purpose to catch the applicant's tend to something, which coverage intelectual or character. These two things appropriate with the characteristic of the job that available.
There is alot of model and instrument for the psychotest, the more superior the job description and position the company offer, the more complicated and variatif the test would be.
But don't worry , I will explore some of the instrument that I know, and perhaps I can fix it and add more.
The point of whole of psychotest is to reach the company target as I mention above, the assesment of the test correlate with :
Some figure drawing tests are primarily measures of cognitive abilities or cognitive development. In these tests, there is a consideration of how well a child draws and the content of a child's drawing. In some tests, the child's self-image is considered through the use of the drawings. In other figure drawing tests, interpersonal relationships are assessed by having the child draw a family or some other situation in which more than one person is present. Some tests are used for the evaluation of child abuse. Other tests involve personality interpretation through drawings of objects, such as a tree or a house, as well as people. Finally, some figure drawing tests are used as part of the diagnostic procedure for specific types of psychological or neuropsychological impairment, such as central nervous system dysfunction or mental retardation.
The Draw-A-Person test (DAP) was developed by Machover in 1948 and used figure drawings in a more projective way, focusing on how the drawings reflected the anxieties, impulses, self-esteem, and personality of the test taker. In this test, children are first asked to draw a picture of a person. Then, they are asked to draw a picture of a person of the sex opposite of the first drawing. Sometimes, children are also asked to draw a picture of the self and/or family members. Then, they are asked a series of questions about themselves and the drawings. These questions can be about the mood, the ambitions, and the good and bad qualities of the people in the drawings. The pictures and the questions on the DAP are meant to elicit information about the child's anxieties, impulses, and overall personality. The DAP is the most frequently used figure drawing test today. A scoring system appropriate for adults was developed in 1993 by Mitchel, Trent, and McArthur.
In 1992, Naglieri and his colleagues created a more specific scoring system for figure drawing tests called the Draw-A-Person: Screening Procedure of Emotional Disturbance (DAP:SPED), based on a large standardization sample. This scoring method includes 55 items rated by the test administrator and based on the child's drawings and responses to questions. The DAP:SPED is appropriate for children aged six to 17. It is often used as a screening method for children who may be having difficulties with regard to social adjustment and require further evaluation.
The House-Tree-Person (HTP) test, created by Buck in 1948, provides a measure of a self-perception and attitudes by requiring the test taker to draw a house, a tree, and a person. The picture of the house is supposed to conjure the child's feelings toward his or her family. The picture of the tree is supposed to elicit feelings of strength or weakness. The picture of the person, as with other figure drawing tests, elicits information regarding the child's self-concept. The HTP, though mostly given to children and adolescents, is appropriate for anyone over the age of three.
The Kinetic Family Drawing technique (KFD), developed in 1970 by Burns and Kaufman, requires the test taker to draw a picture of his or her entire family. Children are asked to draw a picture of their family, including themselves, "doing something." This picture is meant to elicit the child's attitudes toward his or her family and the overall family dynamics. The KFD is some times interpreted as part of an evaluation of child abuse. The Kinetic School Drawing technique (KSD), developed in 1974 by Prout and Phillips, requires the child to draw a picture of himself or herself, a teacher, and one or more classmates. This picture is meant to elic it the child's attitudes toward people at school and his or her functioning in the school environment.
Figure drawings are often interpreted with regard to appropriate cognitive development. Naglieri's DAP:SPED scoring system includes a consideration of what features in a drawing are appropriate for children of various ages. For example, five-year old children are expected to make fairly basic drawings of people, consisting of a head, eyes, nose, mouth, body, arms, and legs. An 11-year-old, on the other hand is expected to have more details in the picture, such as a more defined neck, clothes, and arms in a particular direction.
Sometimes, figure drawings are assessed with regard to self-image. Children often project themselves in the drawings. For example, females with body image concerns may reflect these concerns in their drawings. Victims of sexual abuse may stress sexual characteristics in their drawings.
Psychological, neuropsychological, or emotional dysfunction can also be considered in figure drawing interpretation. This type of interpretation is often done with figure drawings made by adults. For example, a person who omits or distorts body parts may suffer from emotional impairment. Excessive detail with regard to the sexual nature of the drawing may indicate sexual maladjustment.
Family dynamics are also interpreted through figure drawings. For example, in the Kinetic Family Drawing test, a picture where family members are in separate rooms may indicate isolation or a lack of interaction between family members.
Figure drawings are also interpreted with regard to child abuse. In 1994, Von Hutton developed a scoring system for both the HTP and DAP focusing on indicators of child abuse that may be present in drawings. The drawing of the family in the KFD test may also provide indicators of abuse.
There has been much debate over the overall reliability and validity of figure drawing tests (and projective tests in general). For example, when structured scoring systems are used, the DAP has been found to be a reliable measure, especially for cognitive development in children. However, with regard to specific personality characteristics, self-image issues, or personality dysfunctions, there has been relatively little support for the use of figure drawings.
Analysis:
1. “A person”: it is the projection of your self-image on your life-space. Look at the table and try to understand a content of every part of the picture. After that try to understand all image upon a whole. Write your opinion.
2. “A person of the other sex”: look at the picture. It is the projection of your impression, your opinion about -opposite-sex person. Compare the pictures (1 and 2). What figure is bigger? Has more stability? Who has bigger head? And so on. Write your opinion.
3. “A person under a rain”. It is the projection of your behavior during a stress. Compare the pictures (1 and 3). What is changed? Look at the every part (perhaps, figure 1 is more when figure 3 - during the stress you can have loose your self-confidence, can be closer, you can prefer to have less attention from people, and so on). Can you protect yourself (have you an umbrella, a coat and so on)? Write your opinion.
4. “A family”. It is an information about your relations with close people.
There is alot of model and instrument for the psychotest, the more superior the job description and position the company offer, the more complicated and variatif the test would be.
But don't worry , I will explore some of the instrument that I know, and perhaps I can fix it and add more.
The point of whole of psychotest is to reach the company target as I mention above, the assesment of the test correlate with :
- Knowledge and intelegence, this tools would stimulate the intelegence and some of the particular skill. This instrument could be as a verbal test, non-verbal test and performance test.
- Characteristic and working behavior. At this point concern about speed, conscientious, planing and something similar. It used to appropriate with the job description.
- Personality. To assest a personality of a person. To dig this aspect a psycholog should have a good instinct and sensitivity of psychology. To avoid subjective action such as angry, sad, offense the psycholog need a highly experience.
From whole of the psychotest would be suitable with company needs. A person that qualified would recommend to accept. Something that you should know is not 100% of the employee would comformable with the qualification of the company issue.
The truth is , from a psychotest we don't know a graduate or failed, don't get missunderstood at this point. Someone that could not pass the psychotest stage doesn't meen that you can not work at that company or others company. Remember the psychotest to fit what the company needs , if you don't fix with a company need it doesnt mean you are not fit in with other company. Ok.. cheer up..
Why I said so ? Because psychotest it self is trying to catch the characteristic of a person ( as the three point of why we have to do psychotest ). So the more the psychotest result accuracy closed to you with the company needs, you may be welcome to that company ( congratulation ).
Why I said so ? Because psychotest it self is trying to catch the characteristic of a person ( as the three point of why we have to do psychotest ). So the more the psychotest result accuracy closed to you with the company needs, you may be welcome to that company ( congratulation ).
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Draw A man/person instrument :
Definition
Figure drawings are projective diagnostic techniques in which an individual is instructed to draw a person, an object, or a situation so that cognitive, interpersonal, or psychological functioning can be assessed.Purpose
A projective test is one in which a test taker responds to or provides ambiguous, abstract, or unstructured stimuli, often in the form of pictures or drawings. While other projective tests, such as the Rorschach Technique and Thematic Apperception Test, ask the test taker to interpret existing pictures, figure drawing tests require the test taker to create the pictures themselves. In most cases, figure drawing tests are given to children. This is because it is a simple, manageable task that children can relate to and enjoy.Some figure drawing tests are primarily measures of cognitive abilities or cognitive development. In these tests, there is a consideration of how well a child draws and the content of a child's drawing. In some tests, the child's self-image is considered through the use of the drawings. In other figure drawing tests, interpersonal relationships are assessed by having the child draw a family or some other situation in which more than one person is present. Some tests are used for the evaluation of child abuse. Other tests involve personality interpretation through drawings of objects, such as a tree or a house, as well as people. Finally, some figure drawing tests are used as part of the diagnostic procedure for specific types of psychological or neuropsychological impairment, such as central nervous system dysfunction or mental retardation.
Precautions
Despite the flexibility in administration and interpretation of figure drawings, these tests require skilled and trained administrators familiar with both the theory behind the tests and the structure of the tests themselves. Interpretations should be made with caution and the limitations of projective tests should be considered. It is generally a good idea to use projective tests as part of an overall test battery. There is little professional support for the use of figure drawing, so the examples that follow should be interpreted with caution.Description
The Draw-A-Man Test, developed by Goodenough in 1926 was the first formal figure drawing test. It was used to estimate a child's cognitive and intellectual abilities reflected in the drawing's quality. The test was later revised by Harris in 1963 as the Goodenough Harris Drawing Test (GHDT), which included a detailed scoring system and allowed for drawings of men, women, and the self. The scoring system primarily reflected the way in which the child is maturing cognitively. The GHTD is appropriate for children between the ages of three and 17, although it has been found to be most useful for children between three and 10.The Draw-A-Person test (DAP) was developed by Machover in 1948 and used figure drawings in a more projective way, focusing on how the drawings reflected the anxieties, impulses, self-esteem, and personality of the test taker. In this test, children are first asked to draw a picture of a person. Then, they are asked to draw a picture of a person of the sex opposite of the first drawing. Sometimes, children are also asked to draw a picture of the self and/or family members. Then, they are asked a series of questions about themselves and the drawings. These questions can be about the mood, the ambitions, and the good and bad qualities of the people in the drawings. The pictures and the questions on the DAP are meant to elicit information about the child's anxieties, impulses, and overall personality. The DAP is the most frequently used figure drawing test today. A scoring system appropriate for adults was developed in 1993 by Mitchel, Trent, and McArthur.
In 1992, Naglieri and his colleagues created a more specific scoring system for figure drawing tests called the Draw-A-Person: Screening Procedure of Emotional Disturbance (DAP:SPED), based on a large standardization sample. This scoring method includes 55 items rated by the test administrator and based on the child's drawings and responses to questions. The DAP:SPED is appropriate for children aged six to 17. It is often used as a screening method for children who may be having difficulties with regard to social adjustment and require further evaluation.
The House-Tree-Person (HTP) test, created by Buck in 1948, provides a measure of a self-perception and attitudes by requiring the test taker to draw a house, a tree, and a person. The picture of the house is supposed to conjure the child's feelings toward his or her family. The picture of the tree is supposed to elicit feelings of strength or weakness. The picture of the person, as with other figure drawing tests, elicits information regarding the child's self-concept. The HTP, though mostly given to children and adolescents, is appropriate for anyone over the age of three.
The Kinetic Family Drawing technique (KFD), developed in 1970 by Burns and Kaufman, requires the test taker to draw a picture of his or her entire family. Children are asked to draw a picture of their family, including themselves, "doing something." This picture is meant to elicit the child's attitudes toward his or her family and the overall family dynamics. The KFD is some times interpreted as part of an evaluation of child abuse. The Kinetic School Drawing technique (KSD), developed in 1974 by Prout and Phillips, requires the child to draw a picture of himself or herself, a teacher, and one or more classmates. This picture is meant to elic it the child's attitudes toward people at school and his or her functioning in the school environment.
Results
As with all projective measures, scoring on figure drawing tests is more subjective. Specific scoring systems, such as the DAP:SPED can be used to provide more objective information. Most figure drawing tests have some sort of objective scoring system; however, the instructions given to the child, the questions asked by the test administrator, and the administrator's interpretations of the drawings are flexible and this makes it difficult to compare results between children, even on the same measure. Also, many clinicians choose not to rely on the scoring systems and rely entirely on their own intuitive judgments regarding their interpretation of picture content.Figure drawings are often interpreted with regard to appropriate cognitive development. Naglieri's DAP:SPED scoring system includes a consideration of what features in a drawing are appropriate for children of various ages. For example, five-year old children are expected to make fairly basic drawings of people, consisting of a head, eyes, nose, mouth, body, arms, and legs. An 11-year-old, on the other hand is expected to have more details in the picture, such as a more defined neck, clothes, and arms in a particular direction.
Sometimes, figure drawings are assessed with regard to self-image. Children often project themselves in the drawings. For example, females with body image concerns may reflect these concerns in their drawings. Victims of sexual abuse may stress sexual characteristics in their drawings.
Psychological, neuropsychological, or emotional dysfunction can also be considered in figure drawing interpretation. This type of interpretation is often done with figure drawings made by adults. For example, a person who omits or distorts body parts may suffer from emotional impairment. Excessive detail with regard to the sexual nature of the drawing may indicate sexual maladjustment.
Family dynamics are also interpreted through figure drawings. For example, in the Kinetic Family Drawing test, a picture where family members are in separate rooms may indicate isolation or a lack of interaction between family members.
Figure drawings are also interpreted with regard to child abuse. In 1994, Von Hutton developed a scoring system for both the HTP and DAP focusing on indicators of child abuse that may be present in drawings. The drawing of the family in the KFD test may also provide indicators of abuse.
There has been much debate over the overall reliability and validity of figure drawing tests (and projective tests in general). For example, when structured scoring systems are used, the DAP has been found to be a reliable measure, especially for cognitive development in children. However, with regard to specific personality characteristics, self-image issues, or personality dysfunctions, there has been relatively little support for the use of figure drawings.
1. “A person”: it is the projection of your self-image on your life-space. Look at the table and try to understand a content of every part of the picture. After that try to understand all image upon a whole. Write your opinion.
2. “A person of the other sex”: look at the picture. It is the projection of your impression, your opinion about -opposite-sex person. Compare the pictures (1 and 2). What figure is bigger? Has more stability? Who has bigger head? And so on. Write your opinion.
3. “A person under a rain”. It is the projection of your behavior during a stress. Compare the pictures (1 and 3). What is changed? Look at the every part (perhaps, figure 1 is more when figure 3 - during the stress you can have loose your self-confidence, can be closer, you can prefer to have less attention from people, and so on). Can you protect yourself (have you an umbrella, a coat and so on)? Write your opinion.
4. “A family”. It is an information about your relations with close people.
Answer some questions:
- “How many figures, members are at the picture? Count animals too.
- Is it your family of an orientation (you have a status of a child in this family), or a family of a procreation (you’have a status of an adult)?
- Is it your real family or an image of your future family (the ideal image)?
- “Look at the sizes of figures, what figure is bigger? Who was drown the first?
- Second? Who is the most important member in this drown family? Man or woman? Or a child? Think about status of every member.
- Look at the every part of figures. Who has a bigger head? Who is stable or unstable in the family? Think about characteristics of every member.
- Look at the gender roles differences between man and woman, are they clear divided?,
- How many children are at the picture?
- “If it is your real family, are all members at the picture? If somebody is absent, perhaps, you have some problems in social communication with this member. If you have drown more members, perhaps, you haven’t enough social bonds, relationships in given moment.
- Look at the distance between members, it is a projection of emotional attitudes between family members. Who is close? Distant? Who is absent?
- “Look at the hands, at the contact by hands. Who is active? Passive? Successful or not? Perhaps, somebody has not an answer?
- Have you drown some other things, not only family members (a car, a home, some plants, furniture and so on)? Perhaps, it is important for you to have the family home, garden? Is it the result of your culture?
- Compare pictures 1 and 4, and your images. Are you more stable/ successful/happy/masculine (continue this number of characteristics) alone or beside the family?
referensi :
- www.ssantsons.com
- www.personalityonline.com
- www.ucm.es
- www.minddisorders.com
- www.personality100.com
- medicstudent.wordpress.com
KOSTICK PAPI ( personality and perference inventory ) INSTRUMENT
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